KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: Somatic mutations in MAPK were shown to be correlated with poor survival after CRC diagnosis in a study by Barault et al. KRAS and NRAS activating missense mutations have been reported in 40% and 4% of CRC, respectively; up to 95% of mutations involve one of three major hotspots (residues G12, G13, and Q61) [83].