Although previous studies showed that β2-AR is absent in Th2 cells [55], we feel that CIS leads to Th2 dominated conditions that favor enhanced development of immunopathogenesis during C. muridarum. However, our findings are in line with other studies that demonstrated β2-AR agonists modulate T cell functions via direct actions on Th1 and Th2 cells, where CD3 + CD28-stimulate IL-13 (Th2 cytokine) and IFN-γ and IL-2 (Th1 cytokines) production were inhibited by β2-AR agonist [30,62]. Here, IL2 is linked to in situ carcinoma.