CCL2 and inflammatory bowel disease: C3 and C4B have previously been implicated in IBD [33, 34]; C-X-C chemokine family: CXCL6, CXCL5, CXCL2, CXCL1, CXCL11, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL3, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13; C-C motif chemokine ligand family: CCL2, CCL11, and CCL18; C-X-C chemokines: CXCL9 has been proposed as a drug target in UC [35].