The opposite effects of TLR4 299G and 399I variants on susceptibility to TB between our population and the Asian subgroup of Schurz et al. [21] illustrate, as has been found for TLR2 (R753Q) (see above), that the same SNP could show different effects in different studies depending on several factors, including sample size and power of the study, differences in criteria for definition of cases, and genetic differences among study populations. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is tuberculosis.