IFNB1 and infection: The intradermal inoculation also contained levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ in the nasal swabs, with peak levels at 20–50 ng/swab at 4 dpi, but not IFN-α (Figures 2A–C); in comparison, the oral swabs from two animals in the intradermal group had increased IFN- β after infection, while IFN-α and IFN-γ did not change from baseline (Figures 2D–F).