In addition to research showing that HDL can protect cardiomyocytes from chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity both directly by inducing survival signaling in the cardiomyocytes, and indirectly by acting as a targeted delivery system for anti-cancer agents, sparing the heart, other research has suggested that HDL and its precursor ApoA1 may also have direct anti-tumor effects themselves. The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is neoplasm.