PAX4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: To investigate the possible molecular pathways between IRS1 and 14 known MODY pathogenic genes including GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, CEL, PAX4, INS, BLK, KCNJ11, APPL1, ABCC8, and HNF4A. Based on KEGG database, 2 significantly enriched KEGG pathways were identified including bta04930: type II diabetes mellitus (GCK, INS, PDX1, ABCC8 and IRS1) and bta04910: insulin signaling pathway (GCK, INS and IRS1) (Table 7).