TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease: QPCR results showed that the in situ Th2 cytokine IL-4 mRNA expression was decreased in IL-37b Tg AD mice (Figure 2E) but significantly higher mRNA expression of TGF-β, CCL2, CCL5 and TNF-α in wild type AD mice compared with sham group, while the high level of these cytokines and chemokines was significantly reversed in IL-37b Tg AD mice (Figures 2F–I).