NK cells and macrophages within the TME may recognize PAMPs/DAMPs through cell surface PRRs (pattern recognition receptors), resulting in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, which could then induce anti-viral and anti-tumor immune responses and recruit other innate immune cells from peripheral lymphoid organs (34, 35). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.