These effects have also been observed after intranasal administration of TGF-1 (146) or subcutaneous (SC) administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (141), stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) (132), or angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) (132) into the post-stroke rodent brain. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is Stroke.