MTOR and lung carcinoma: The second generation APC, perifosine, activates autophagy by inhibiting Akt and the assembly of mTOR raptor and mTOR/rictor complexes and also by increasing degradation of the major components (mTOR, rictor, raptor, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1) in the mTOR axis through an ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated mechanism in human lung cancer cells (Fu et al., 2009).