NQO1 and vitiligo: Previous study showed that under oxidative stress, Nrf2 will dissociates from Keap1, and binds to ARE to activate the expression of HO-1 and NQO1. Defective Nrf2 activation in melanocytes involved in the onset of vitiligo (Kobayashi and Yamamoto, 2005; Jian et al., 2014).