APC and inflammatory bowel disease: The pathogenesis of CAC is reported to be affected by multiple pathways, including TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, NOD/TLR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and the cell cycle as well as apoptosis, etc. (Nasuno et al., 2014; Choi et al., 2017; Cao and Xu, 2019), among which apoptosis is most focused on since the loss of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and TP53 mutations are crucial in IBD-CRC formation and IBD neoplasia initiation (Rogler, 2014).