In addition, patients with type 1 diabetes alone (not in association with APS1) frequently exhibit intestinal dysfunction related to multiple etiologies including Celiac disease, autonomic neuropathy, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (Du et al., 2018); future studies will be needed to determine whether anti-RFX6 antibodies may distinguish a subset of these patients with an autoimmune enteroendocrinopathy contributing to their symptoms. Here, RFX6 is linked to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.