As perturbed CX3CL1 signaling has been observed in both aging and disease, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has garnered significant attention as a potential target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis, as well as ischemic stroke [9, 11, 12, 17–25, 29, 34–36]. The gene discussed is CX3CR1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.