HK1 and cancer: For example, activation of miR-34a switches the glycolysis to mitochondria respiration in cancer cells by direct targeted-inhibition of glycolytic enzymes (e.g., hexokinase 1 (HK1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)) in cancer cells inp53-dependent manner [84].