We therefore hypothesized that 8 SNPs in genes known to be involved in the vitamin D metabolism, diabetes, and related traits (4 SNPs in VDR, 2 SNPs in DBP, and 2 SNPs in CYP27B1) [8–18] might be associated with insulin resistance and/or beta-cell function at 1–2 years postpartum and also development of diabetes after up to 5 years of follow-up in women with a history of GDM. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is diabetes mellitus.