Yamato et al. [39] reported efficacy for ART-123/PMX-HP combination therapy in patients with septic shock accompanied by DIC, suggesting that simultaneous control of high-mobility group box-1 protein, a late mediator of sepsis, through ART-123 and PMX-HP therapy might be a putative mechanism underpinning the beneficial effect. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is septic shock.