,51,52 Moreover, previous studies displayed that GPR50 can directly interact with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and constitutively activate the canonical SMAD2/3 signaling pathway, which contributes to regulation of breast cancer progression, indicating that GPR50 can act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.27 The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is breast carcinoma.