HMGB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Although other Ffar2 antagonists from azetidine derivatives66 at different doses can be used to completely block Ffar2 in vivo, it has been documented that sodium butyrate, as a direct HMGB1 antagonist, could down-regulate the expression of HMGB1 and mediate the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17 paradigm, thus attenuating type 1 diabetes.