CD40LG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the present study, we investigate the clinical significance of HbA1c as a predictive biomarker for hyperglycemia-induced vascular damages in T2D, based on the statistical relationships between HbA1c levels and corresponding levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, AEAbs (IgM, IgG, and IgA), ACIVAbs IgM, and the levels of CIV-DP, reflecting CIV and EL turnover in the vascular wall.