NFKB1 and cancer: DNA damaging anti-cancer agents, such as camptothecin, etoposide, and doxorubicin, stimulate the NF-κB pathway through the activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and various post-translational modifications of NEMO, such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination [50].