OPTN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Although most ALS cases are sporadic, around 10% are familial, and mutations in approximately 20 genes encoding proteins involved in protein/RNA aggregation (SOD1, TDP-43, hnRNPA1/2, and FUS), neuroinflammation (TBK1), the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UBQLN2), and autophagy (C9orf72, OPTN, SQSTM1/p62, and VCP) have been identified [143].