TNF and Sepsis: A clinical trial with intravenous anti-TNF-α antibody administration in patients with septic shock found no clinical benefit,(31) but a recent meta-analysis suggests that immunotherapy with a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody in patients with sepsis reduces overall mortality and anti-TNF-α therapy may improve survival in patients with shock.(32) The association between lung injury and sepsis represents an opportunity for the use of these drugs.