In a mouse model of lymphoma, a mutation preventing the PIDD/NEMO-dependent activation of NF-kB blocks the early IR-induced activation of NF-kB (4–24 h) and production of TNF-α (5–48 h) but not lymphoma, suggesting that activation of these inflammatory factors is not essential in this time period (Bock et al. 2013). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is lymphoma.