TGFB1 and breast cancer: This mechanism resembles wound healing (Koh and DiPietro 2011; Landen et al. 2016; Perez et al. 2014), but also resembles malignancy—invasive breast cancer cell lines overexpress TGF-β and respond to TGF-β with increased invasion (Gomes et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2004).