INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Hollenbeck et al. have demonstrated that although lean individuals could have both hepatic and peripheral resistance to insulin, it is not to the same extent as in obese patients with T2DM [33]. This has been directly estimated by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and indirectly by triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL).