CALR and neoplasm: The potential mechanisms by which ionizing radiation enhance the antitumor response induced by either an irradiated tumor cell vaccine or local radiotherapy have been explored but remain largely unknown.7,14–18 It has been demonstrated that cell-surface exposure to calreticulin (CRT) is important for establishing the immunogenicity of tumor cell death elicited by irradiation, which is involved in the enhanced antitumor effect of irradiated tumor cells.7,16 Regarding local radiotherapy of tumors, some studies have described how local irradiation affects the tumor microenvironment.