The mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear, but the genes related to autism that were found to overlap with those of IBD are associated with inflammatory response, allergy, and the response to helminth parasites (interleukin (IL)6, IL23A, IL13, IL5, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB4, IFNG, and TGFB1). Here, IFNG is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.