We propose that this deficient neuroimmune neuroprotective function is characterized by lower TSPO and alterations in other microglia-associated molecular markers, TNFRSF14 and TSPOAP1. The association of lower TSPO with greater PTSD severity, highlights the specificity of the observed neuroimmune dysregulation to PTSD clinical pathology. The gene discussed is TSPOAP1; the disease is post-traumatic stress disorder.