TGFB1 and neoplasm: In addition, TAM are indispensable in creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment via secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-10 and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and modifying the immune cell composition within the TME; increase in the recruitment of immunosuppressive cell types (e.g., Tregs) while inhibiting the anti-tumor functions of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and NK cells [53,54].