In rat models of HCC, hepatic CSCs-derived exosomes displayed protumor functions, influencing apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis and invasiveness, as well as EMT of tumor cells, via altering the expression of targeted molecules, such as p53, Bcl2, VEGF, TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 [122]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.