TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In T2D animal models, SGLT-2i (namely empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ipragliflozin, and luseogliflozin), apart from improvement of glucose, insulin and lipids levels, significantly reduced serum concentrations of inflammatory parameters (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and CRP) reviewed in [135].