Consistent with our findings in the gut-derived lethal infection model (Fig. 3a, Supplementary Fig. 1, Supplementary Data 1 and 2), i.p. injection of the PC resulted in downregulation of IRF3 and the upregulation of NF-kB Inhibitor Alpha (NFKBIA), NF-kB Inhibitor Beta (NFKBIB), and TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3 (TNFAIP3), known NF-κB pathway inhibitors22,23, in the cecum, liver, and spleen, 20 h post PC injection in AC-FMT mice (Fig. 3b, Supplementary Fig. 3a, and Supplementary Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene NFKBIA and infection.