CCR3 and Alzheimer disease: Figure 6B shows that treatment with piperine had the effect of upregulating mRNA expression of CCL26 in keratinocytes. These results showed in vitro and in vivo correlation between chemokine expression in keratinocytes and CCR3+ cell infiltration in a TMA-induced AD model. The population of CCR3+ cells in a TMA-exposed mouse ear was reduced in Piperine2 and Piperine4 compared with the sham group (Figure 6C).