Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are among the most potent regulators of neo-vascularization and their efficacy has been tested in pre-clinical applications for improving cardiac function after heart failure (Unger et al., 2000; Simons et al., 2002; Henry et al., 2003). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is heart failure.