GSEA demonstrated that CK14-positive tumors were associated with a basal subtype of breast cancer (FDR = 0.0), tumorigenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (FDR <0.001), the p40 (ΔNp63) pathway (FDR = 0.03), embryonic stem cell activities (FDR = 0.004), the tumor necrosis factor-α-NF-κB pathway (FDR = 0.002) and the p53 pathway (FDR = 0.002) (Figure 2). Here, TNF is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.