TNF and cancer: Regarding its role as an immunosuppressive cytokine, emerging evidence indicates that, in multiple cancer types, TNFα stimulates and favors not only the accumulation but also the activity of certain immune cell populations, like regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) (160), regulatory B lymphocytes (Bregs) (161) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (162), in different cancer types.