Since these chemokines are known to create chemotactic gradients for T-cell recruitment to sites of infection or loss of homeostasis [18], we asked whether CxCL-9 transcript upregulation was also evident at the protein levels in KS lesions, and if such over-expression correlated with immune cell infiltration into the KS microenvironment. The gene discussed is CXCL9; the disease is Kaposi's sarcoma.