NLRP3 or caspase-1 deficiency in APP/PS1 mice leads to reduced brain caspase-1 and IL-1β activation, increased microglial Aβ phagocytosis, reduced brain Aβ load, and protection of neuronal spine loss, long-term potentiation (LTP) decline, and cognitive deficits (147). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.