Recently, this observation has been confirmed in independent cohorts (Quebec Founder Population and presymptomatic individuals with a parental history of AD), demonstrating the association of the TLR4 variant with a reduced AD risk, better visuospatial and constructional skills, an increased cortical thickness in visual cortices, and stable IL-1β levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over time (73). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Alzheimer disease.