NY-ESO-1 (also known as cancer/testis antigen 1B, CTAG1B) is an immunogenic member of the cancer/testis antigen family—a protein family with germ and cancer cell expression patterns—showing nuclear localization in mesenchymal stem cells and predominately cytoplasmic expression in tumor cells (202, 203). The gene discussed is CTAG1B; the disease is neoplasm.