We demonstrated the up-regulated expression of CSF2 in TCGA data set herein and in GBM biopsies.6 The role of CSF2 in the tumour-driven accumulation of microglia and macrophages and its contribution to glioma progression and immunosuppression suggest that CSF2 signalling might be a novel target for glioblastoma therapy. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.