Among these genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and angiopoietins (ANG-1 and ANG − 2) are known as pro-angiogenic factors playing crucial roles during tumor angiogenesis [82, 94]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and neoplasm.