STAT3 and colorectal cancer: Fusobacterium nucleatum, in combination with P. gingivalis, have been reported to promote carcinogenesis by upregulating the interleukin‐6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL‐6/STAT3) pathway via the activation of toll‐like receptors on oral epithelial cells.112 Much has to be learned about the relative importance of F. nucleatum compared to genetic and environmental factors also operative in initiating and promoting the spread of colorectal cancer.