In spite of its relevance to periodontitis, Pg is not the only bacterial species associated with periodontal diseases in the subgingival dental biofilm; and some studies have demonstrated that other microbial species, such as Streptococcus sanguis25, Mycoplasma salivarium26, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn)27 and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)28 also regulate the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and of the inflammasome-processed cytokines. The gene discussed is JUP; the disease is periodontitis.