In addition, we did not see any effect on cell death or ASC-speck formation when cells were treated with Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) which inhibits lysosomal acidification by V-ATPase, or the pan-cathepsin inhibitor K777, during infection (Fig. 5f), despite efficient cathepsin B inhibition (Supplementary Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene CTSS and infection.