Nron functions in HIV-1 disease, heart failure and tumour cell proliferation.16,31,32 Nron is expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which are the major source of osteoclasts.33 Therefore, this study focused on the role of Nron in the differentiation of osteoclasts using an orthodontic bone remodelling model. The gene discussed is NRON; the disease is heart failure.