IRF1 and leukemia: To support the functional involvement of viral-mimicry in the anti-proliferative effects of ATRA, we focused our attention on two important members of the interactomic module, “MHC class I Antigen-Loading and Presentation/Interferon Response” (Figure 2), i.e., the upstream transcription factor, IRF1 and the downstream effector protein, DTX3L. IRF1 is an interferon- and retinoid-inducible gene [32,33] which controls the action of ATRA in leukemia and cervical squamous cells [34,35].