Here we review recent seminal trials that have further advanced targeted therapies in these cancers including Poly (adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibition in pancreas cancer, BRAF inhibition in colon cancer, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibition in biliary tract cancer. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and biliary tract cancer.