SNU449, HLF, and HLE liver cancer cell lines that express mesenchymal markers (CD44, vimentin, and snail) are refractory to Sorafenib treatment compared to HepG2, Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5-expressing epithelial markers (E-cadherin and CK-18)41,42. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is liver cancer.