To investigate whether TRIM11 promotes multidrug resistance in NPC, CNE1, and CNE2 cells expressing a vector or TRIM11 were treated with 5-FU and the results demonstrated that overexpression of TRIM11 promoted chemoresistance to 5-FU in NPC in vitro (Supplementary Fig. 4a, c). Here, TRIM11 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.