NKILA and glioma: In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDH, and MCT1 were significantly downregulated in LN229-K.D.-NKILA group tumors (Fig. 5d), and also confirmed that decreasing the levels of NKILA inhibited the Warburg effect in glioma cells in vivo, consistent with the in vitro results.