PKM and central nervous system cancer: Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed that GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDH, and MCT1 were significantly downregulated in the 20(S)-Rg3 group, confirming that downregulation of NKILA by 20(S)-Rg3 reversed the Warburg effect in glioma cells in vivo (Fig. 8f).