In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDH, and MCT1 were significantly downregulated in LN229-K.D.-NKILA group tumors (Fig. 5d), and also confirmed that decreasing the levels of NKILA inhibited the Warburg effect in glioma cells in vivo, consistent with the in vitro results. This evidence concerns the gene SLC16A1 and central nervous system cancer.